The Identity of a Puerto Rican Essays -- American History Hispanic Ess

The Identity of a Puerto RicanSidney W. Mintz describes the Caribbean as a scattering of some liter inhabited units spanning nearly 2, 500 miles of sea between Mexicos Yucatan Peninsula and the north coast of South America, constitute the oldest colonial sphere of Western European overseas expansion... these territories were dominate and navigated and explored, their aborigines had been thrust into the consciousness of European monarchs, philosophers, and scientists (17). The islands in the Caribbean might have some common historical patterns of conquest, slavery and the development of multi-cultural societies but each island has its own history, cultivation and individuation. As part of the Caribbean, Puerto Rico can point with some of the other Hispanic colonies but in reality the issues of ethnicity, race and nationality are unique in Puerto Rico. In the essay, Ethnic Conflict and Levels of Identity in the Caribbean Deconstructing a Myth Ralph R. Premdas writes, Ethnic identi ty emerges from collective group consciousness that imparts a sense of belong derived from membership in a community bound putatively by common descent and culture... Identity as belonging can be acquired through memberships as various communities bound by one or more social attributes such as race, language, religion, culture, region, etc (24). The question for Puerto Rico is what is the identity of the people if the island has experienced four hundred years of Spanish colonialism and 100 years of US sovereignty? How has and still is American colonial intervention affected or affects Puerto Rican culture? The Puerto Rican national identity has been challenged every since Columbus arrived on the island. To better understand the issues and the changes in id... ...uerto Ricanness by providing a counterexample of what Puerto Ricanness is not (152). It is clearly seen today that many Puerto Ricans are proud to be Puerto Rican even those living in the mainland. Yes, their lives have bee n altered but their uniqueness and pride will always be there because they will always be Puerto Rican. The addition of US culture on the island adds to Puerto Ricos makeup. Yet division amongst the Puerto Ricans exist due to the status question of the island. These divisions makes it hard for Puerto Ricans to be identify as one. BibliographyCarrion, Juan Manuel. ed.and Nationality in the Caribbean. Puerto Rico University of Puerto Rico. 1997Gonzalez, Jose Luis. Puerto Rico The Four-Storey Country. New York Markus Wiener Publishing, Inc. 1993Morris, Nancy. Puerto RicoCulture, Politics, and Identity. Connecticut Praeger. 1995

Essay --

T.Y.W. 1618-1648The 30 Years War was a series of negates, not-knowingly involving most Eu lapan countries from 1618 to 1648. The war, which was fought mainly in Germany, was started when capital of Italy Protestants furiously attacked the Holy Roman Emperor in terms to impose a restriction on their religious and civil liberties. By understanding the Thirty Years War, you will notice the notable religious, governmental and social changes. The changes paved the religious and political maps of Europe. non only did this war affect the religious and political demographic, it caused populations to perish and lose large amounts of their goods. What was known as a religious battle, turned out to be a political feud in challenger of which state has the greater power affecting men, women, soldiers and civils. The bohemians had no idea that their violent deed would set off a chain reaction of armed conflict that would last thirty years and later be called Europes first world war of the m odern era. When the war ended, the lands were defiled and over 5 million people were killed.During the Thirty Years War, men and women had to experience trials and tribulations. Solders and officials, putting fear into the eyes of the countrymen, were testing all their patience, tolerance, and rights. The soldiers thought they could do anything they wanted because they misapply their powers. Citizens were often tortured by water boarding, daggers and hung if they did not satisfy the needs and wants of the officials. Martin Botzinger briefly describes his experience saying, they beat me to the ground with daggers both my feet were bound together, and the other took the rope round my remaining arm, and they shoved me in water. Scenes like this caused so ... ... then five more, one after another they allowed themselves to eat those bodies They said, it was the great unbearable famine that did it. The struggle to find food was real. It was a heavy burden for people to bear. The n eed to stay a live became a daily struggle many civilian and soldiers.The Thirty Years War, known as a religious war started off as a small debacle between the bohemians and the Roman Catholics. Not knowing this was a beginning to something big. The war that lasted thirty years, allowed for torment and diminishing events to happen. Events that effected men, women and soldiers. While some suffered more than others, there was not much left to do but to deal with what you had. The war defiled the lands of Europe leaving individuals helpless without much to eat or look forward to. All in all, the Thirty years War paved the new European landscape

Views on Laura Schlessinger :: essays research papers

Laura Schlessinger paginates 34-37The Facts1.What is the first delusion mentioned by Schlessinger? What importance does it have to the main drumhead of the essay?The first delusion that she stated was that you can tell if something is going to happen, by checking it against a checklist. Throughout the essay she shows how some of the people dont fit into the category. 2.Schlessinger rejects the notion that a single cause, such as being picked on in school, can turn a teen into a murderer. She suggests a much simpler case. What is it?Schlessinger suggests that some people are dark, and that is wherefore you cant make a checklist for it.3. What, according to the author, are the attractions of evil? IN other words, wherefore are people drawn to it so easily?The main reason that the author suggests is that you get results right away. Also you Get the sensation that you are in control and have the power.4.One might hypothesize that evil would be shunned and avoided, but not so. In f act, according to Schlessinger, how is evil often treated?Laura says that evil is either condoned or even rewarded by our general public in society.5. What are some of the shortcomings of our criminal justice system, according to the author? What other kind systems are no better?The author says that the justice system is not hard enough on the kids. She also says that parents look over things too much.P jump on 2The Strategies.1.In paragraph 5, what question does the author pose? How does she answer the question?The author poses the question by saying if everyone is evil then why arent their more people killing each other. She answers this question by stating while all the kids arent killing everyone there is more swearing, stealing, and early age sexual acts. So while she states that they arent all murderers she states that they are a lot worse then before.The Issues1.Assigning blame for teenage abandon is a complicated issue, made murky by societys contradictory opinions. Where do you lay the blame for the seemingly increasing amount of teenage violence in out country?I think that while there is an increase in the murders that are being committed, I dont think that it is at a point where they should be getting so much media attention.

Janie Crawford’s Quest in Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

Janie Crawfords Quest in Their Eyes Were Watching God      Janie Crawford, the main character of Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes WereWatching God, strives to go through her own voice throughout the novel and, in myopinion, she succeeds even though it takes her over thirty years to do it.  Eachone of her husbands has a varied effect on her ability to find that voice.         Janie discovers her allow for to find her voice when she is living with Logan.Since she did not marry him for love, tensions arise as time moves on and Loganbegins to frame her around.  But Janie is young and her will has not yet beenbroken.  She has enough strength to say No and to leave him by running out-of-doorwith Joe.  At this point, Janie has plunge a part of her voice, which is her notwilling to be like a slave in her husbands hands.         After Janie marries Joe, I think that she discovers that he i s not thesomebody she thought he was.  He tells her what to do the same way Logan did, justa exact bit more delicately by saying that it is not a womans job to dowhatever he does not want her to do.  Throughout her twenty years of life withJoe, Janie loses her self-consciousness because she becomes like a little kidbeing told what to do by an adult, Joe.  She does it without even questioningherself, which is why I think that she loses the part of her voice that she hasdiscovered by running away from Logan.  At times, she has enough courage to sayno to Joe, but he always has something to say back that discourages Janie fromcontinuing her argument.  But, in my opinion, Janie does not lose her will tofind herself and it might have even become stronger because the reader can seethat Janie is not happy with the way things are now and that she will crediblywant to change them in the future.         When Joe dies and Janie marries Tea Ca ke, she feels free because eventhough Tea Cake asks for her opinion when he does something and cares about her.Since this is Janies first marriage where she actually loves her husband, shefeels free and discovers many new things in life that she has not noticed before.She becomes more sociable, wants to go places with Tea Cake, enjoys workingwith other people, and likes shooting game.  Although she never wisecrack a riflebefore, she becomes a better shooter that Tea Cake, and he respects her for that,

Lao-tzu: The Moderation Of Rule Essay -- essays research papers

Ruling a country effectively is executed through a alteration of methods. Lao-Tzu, a follower of Taoism, expresses his belief on the near efficient way to govern. "The more prohibitions you have, the less virtuous people will be. The more weapons you have, the less gear up people will be. The more subsidies you have, the less self-reliant people will be" (25). This quote from Lao-Tzu can be interpreted many different ways. The originator discusses what he feels the role of a leader should be, the restrictions and the privileges that should be given to the people. There are various views on this particular passage even among Americans. Lao-Tzu feels that taking achieve in order to make people feel safer and ensure their well being will actually be detrimental although I agree with Lao-Tzus tactics, most Americans hold differentiating views.The more restrictions you place on a people, the less moral the people will be. Americans encounter this on a daily basis. American night club was founded upon and is enraptured by rebellion. The early American colonists revolted against the English government. The more laws and restrictions the King would place on them the more they would rebel and fight. When the American people feel ladened by any law or prohibition set forth by the government the people will challenge it in an effort to alternate it. America is one of the only countries where its people actually believe they can make a difference and change what they feel is not righ...

Jane Eyre :: Literature Religion Papers

Jane Eyre St. John Rivers makes some very intriguing choices in Jane Eyre. He is constantly faced with difficult decisions to make. Whether it be refusing his true eff or moving to India to give his life serving others, there is always an interesting twist where St. John is concerned. His importance in the novel may be evident to readers, but they may not always understand his decisions and his actions. The choices he makes are exemplary of a man who has given his life to serve immortal and His people. St. John, at his introduction in the novel, is a clergyman with plans to become a missionary someday soon. This is not surprising for clergymen, according to Andrew F. Walls, author of The Missionary causa in Christian History, since a missionary was essentially a preacher, and a preacher should normally be a minister (161). At this time, it was considered normal for a clergyman to become a missionary. But a missionary did have to be more than a clergyman. He also must have common land sense and competence, Walls says. St. John has all of these qualities and more, making him perfect for a life of sacrifice. St. John Rivers is introduced into the novel as a savior. He takes Jane into his home and under his fear when she believes to have reached the end of her road. It is here, at Moor House with St. John, that she is given a new beginning with a new identity, job, and, eventually, a family with St. John and his sisters. As a clergyman, St. John is a good, moral person whose intentions are to provide for his people and his family. He also eventually wants to become a missionary someday soon. Jane likes the persuasion of this and it is evident to readers that Jane admires St. John and loves him like the brother he has become to her. He even gives her a job as a teacher at a school for less fortunate children. It is here that she is introduced to Rosamond Oliver and her father. After meeting Rosamond Oliver through her teaching position and hearing her talk ab out St. John with admiration, Jane concludes that they are meant to be for each other. She goes to St. John with her allegations and he admits his love for her to Jane . . . I

Gender Roles Essay

Weve begun to raise daughters more care sonsbut few acquit the courage to raise our sons more homogeneous our daughters, (Gloria Steinem, American feminist). Gender roles refer to the banding of social and behavioral norms that are considered to be socially appropriate for privates of a specific sex in the context of use of a specific socialisation (Wikipedia). Gender roles are expectations of how an individual should act, dress, talk, walk, etc. based on their sex, which is biological. Gender roles shape the pressures and expectations society places on male and young-bearing(prenominal) individuals. For instance in the old American culture men had to be the main source of income in the family, while women were anticipate to stay family line jam care of the children and do the domestic housework. In the short story Girl Jamacia Kincaid illustrates the feminine roles her set about taught her sireing up and the expectations she needs to meet as a women, a married woman, a nd a mother. In contrast with Kincaid, Michael Kimmels essay Bros in front Hos The Guy Code explores the code of masculinity that young men are expected to follow. Traditional sexual activity roles influence umteen individuals in a positive or negative aspect as they grow and either resist or give in to the expectations within society.Growing up as little girl, my mother would al modalitys teach me the social expectations of the feminine roles associated with our tradition. I would always be playing with dolls, dressing in skirts, putting bows in my hair, pretending to be a princess and acting like Dorothy from the Wizard of Oz always clicking my sparkly red shoes. However, the pressures and expectations of the gender roles associated to your sex are more profound as you grow into an adult. As I grew into a young woman the expectations I had and still to this day have to meet are much more demanding and expected. Kincaid states, This is how you set a table for dinner this is how you set a table for dinner with an important guest this is how you set a table for lunch this is how to behave in the presence of men who dont know you very well (385). Kincaid explains some of the feminine demands and expectationsher mother would teach her growing up. Similar to Kincaid experience, my mother would also establish the feminine roles and demands that I needed to accept and fulfill from the expectations that have been set forth from generations of women. However, the expectations I needed to meet to fulfill the duties as a wife and mother conflicted with my expectations of not commanding to be a wife or mother at all, but to establish and purse a stable career for myself.The view of femininity in the culture I was raised with compared to old American culture of the 50s and 60s. Women were seen as objects, accessories. Femininity was viewed as being fragile and weak, as well as having a natural mother like instinct. Women in my culture are defined as being dependent on a man, stay phratry do the groceries shopping, clean the kitchen, prepare breakfast, lunch, and dinner, weightlift their husbands shirt and pants, wash every day, even if its with their own spit (Kincaid 385), keep the household in order, and be the perfect wife, mother, and women or at to the lowest degree pretend to be. However, these traditional views of what feminine roles are defined as conflict with the mainstream American culture of todays feminine expectations. Women in todays culture are defined as either the main source of income or contribute the equal amount of income with their spouse. Women are seen as independent and many women have established stable careers. In Bros before Hos Kimmel asked a female college student what it meat to be a women she stated, Nobody can tell me what it means to be a women anymore (462). In modern American society being a woman has no concrete formulated expectation or role that she is expected to fulfill.Although in todays modern Amer ican society views women differently as they once did, my culture still views women in a more traditional aspect. These conflicts or being independent or dependent, pursuing a career or being a domestic house wife and mother affect both expectations I have to meet with my family culture and the culture I was born into. Being one of the youngest girl in my family I would observe my cousins and see them being pressure of the roles and expectations that where concretely defined in my cultures view of femininity. Their decisions of following the domestic housewife roleaffected me to resist these pressures, while they did not and gave me the courage to fulfill my and modern American societys expectations of what being a woman is and not just stay at home and spend all my husbands money because I have nothing better to do.Gender roles have always been a social issue that shape the way we think of others. These roles perceive women as fragile and weak, while men are seen as aggressive and show little to no emotion. Gender roles can divert from one culture to another and have different expectations associated with masculine and feminine roles individuals have to obtain. Gender expectation such as women have to stay home and do the domestic housework, while men are the source of the primary income can either conflict or reinstate the expectations of you. These roles can affect an individual either in a positive or negative ways, whether or not they want to override the social norm of what society says is acceptable or give into the pressure of the roles society established for each gender. The gender roles ones culture establishes or society establishes becomes more overwhelming as we grow older, enforcing these expectations further. Also, your cultures view of masculinity or femininity may conflict with mainstream American culture and a rise conflicts for an individual. Its up to them whether they want to endure the pressures or resist the pressures of traditional ge nder roles or modern American gender roles. Word Count 1,025Reference PageKincaid, Jamaica. Girl. Boston, Mass. Bedford/St. Martins, (2013) 384-386. Print Kimmel, Michael. Bros before Hoes The Guy Code. Boston, Mass. Bedford/St. Martins, (2013) 461-471. Print.

Brand consciousness Essay

This research report is to aid Article Circle exceptional of Canada in the exporting of diamonds to the Indian foodstuff.A marking is an offering from a known source. Brand Consciousness is more than simply a preference for put up names. The term sumptuosity was limited to only the rich and the elite, but today in India, disposable in engenders and of middle class and upper middle class argon increasing. The consumers in India are similarly very brand Conscious. The scenario being so in India, this research facilitates Arctic Circle to exploit the opportunity by inventioning a unique deposit marketing strategies for the Indian market.INTRODUCTIONIndia is set for a dramatic expansion of domestic consumption that allow make the country adept of the largest consumer markets in the dry land. If overall economic growth remains 7 to 8 per cent, as most economists expect, then consumption will increase. It is estimated that real consumption will grow from Rs 17 trillion today to Rs 70 trillion by 2025.This will take India into the premier league among the worlds consumer markets. The primary number one wood of Indias growth as a consumer economy will thus be increasing incomes. Our analysis shows that average real house consecrate disposable income is set to grow from Rs 113,744 in 2005 to Rs 318,896 by 2025, a compound annual growth rate of 5.3 per cent. Rising incomes will also constitute a sizeable and largely urban middle class is expected to will swell to 583 million people or 41 per cent of the population.While the growth in Indian incomes and consumption will deliver substantial societal benefits with further declines in poverty, the growth of a large middle class spells an opportunity for the manufacturers and the invasion of transnational brands is sure to change the dynamics of market phenomena. While the corporate spending on branding is proud and what kind of Marketing strategies the companies will turn over to craft for the Brand Consciou s Indian Market is the question which is left unanswered.Therefore, the present paper is an attempt to explore The influence of Brand Consciousness on Indian consumers to buy the Diamonds( lavishness Product) of Arctic Circle. Given the understanding of theextant literature this study is expected to provide directions on the phenomena for practicing manager on understanding that Indians are more Brand-Conscious. Therefore, the objective of this study is to build a marketing strategy model for the Brand-Conscious Indian Consumers.LITERATURE REVIEWA survey in 2008 indicated that India is among top 5 countries when it comes to Brand Consciousness. A country where savings rate is very high (nearly 36%) and where top 10% percent of people hold 53% of the wealth of this nation and lower 20% own about 1%, it is hard to believe that brand consciousness is on the rise.A brand becomes a brand aft(prenominal) how it is perceived by people, the image that it projects and the quality and promi se to customers which it upholds. Most of the brand names out there today have become a symbol of a characteristic quality which they have imbibed in them self, a quality which leaves a consumers mind wondering after its usage.(live mint.com, priyanka mehra)India is an emerging market, being a part of a developing economy. The consumers now to a certain extent have started differentiating between what every brand of a product has to offer, which tightens the competition because its not only about that little puma on your shirt or the bitten apple on your phone. Until now the bounteousness brands were catering to the high end consumers and they have carved out their niche in this segment of market, but now they are getting aware of the necessitate of the other segments of the society specifically the middle class.Being the real savers they are being targeted by the pension brands. These brands are now overture out with the products safekeeping in mind this segment of market. Indi an middle class believes putting their money where they can get equivalent and possibly more value and if the premium brand can facilitate this then the local producers have a competition. So brand consciousness is on rise in Indian market and the premium brand can capitalize on it.(live mint.com, priyanka mehra)Luxury brands are now for the ones that can afford them and India has a lot of potential given the high disposable income of the growing middle class. By knowing how purchasers consider, are affected, pick and utilize theiritems, sumptuosity brands can make products that join straight with buyers seeks and will, also, be masterful to have a much clearer meaning of what their promoting destinations ought to be keeping in mind the end goal to achieve the potential purchaser.By Understanding shoppers choice making process, organizations can distinguish chances and dangers that may emerge in the commercial center. ( Rohit Arora, Strategic Planning Director, Bates Pan Gulf (BPG Group), Dubai, UAE) Companies will have to come up with a set of unique techniques which must be a mix of sponsorships, mold shows, superstar support, publicizing and PR. (Ana Margarida Forja de Macedo de Carvalho).There are eight mainstays of Luxury Brand Marketing, for example Performance, Pedigree, Paucity, Persona, Public figures, Placement, Public relations and Pricing. The 8 Ps of high life showcasing can give a comprehensive structure to zeal advertisers.( Rohit Arora, Strategic Planning Director, Bates Pan Gulf (BPG Group), Dubai, UAE).Luxury marketers and retailers have proven their resilience in a tough economy by sticking to their USPs speckless craftsmanship, artisanal, bespoke, exclusivity and razor-sharp service. (4 Luxury Marketing Ideas for 2013 Karen Weiner Escalera, president & oldtimer strategist at KWE Partners, details four ways in which luxury brand marketers can create their marketing strategies for 2013). 2013 will be the year where luxury brands must r aise the bar by reinventing and reinvigorating their marketing strategies and look for new ways to brand and create new profit centres.One of the innovative marketing strategies is Themed experiences which means Retail environments are becoming themed brand stores that serve as temples of socialisation places where people outweart just pass through, but immerse in a world where theyll stay, explore, have fun, meet others with the same passion, even learn and do it with style. Secondly, getatable Customisation which means Traditionally, real luxury delivered individualised products based on a buyers personal preferences, tastes and budget.Last but not the least, Online Stores through which the luxury brands by Creating brand merchandise can strengthen customer loyalty and enlist fans to spread your name on the streets. (4 Luxury Marketing Ideas for 2013 Karen Weiner Escalera, president & chief strategist at KWE Partners, details four ways in which luxury brand marketers can reinve nttheir marketing strategies for 2013).OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDYThe Objective of this study is to build a marketing strategy model for the Brand-Conscious Indian Consumers.LIMITATIONS OF STUDYThe study is completely based on Secondary research which was undertaken 2 years ago, when the economic conditions of India was far superior than what it is today. So doing a primary research in todays economic conditions in India would help in coming into proper conclusions.CONCLUSIONThis study aimed at devising Marketing Strategies for the Artic Circle, a Canadian based Diamond company to understand the psychology of the Indian Consumers and purchasing behaviours of the average growing middle class Indian Consumers with increasing disposable incomes. Various articles and research papers suggest that Indians rank three in the world in terms of Brand-Consciousness. So there is an opportunity which can be untapped by Artic Circle Diamond Company.Uncovering of the inherent dimensions of consumer a spirations as it relates to Brand-Consciousness provides managers with the underlying dimensions of fundamental needs of the consumers and therefore provide directions as to make decisions in their offerings in terms of product/services, communication, designing accessibility and pricing the same. The study also provides directions on the decisions on these, given the temporal considerations under which the manager is making the decisions.BIBLIOGRAPHYArora, R. (n.d.). Eight Ps of Luxury Brand Marketing. Dubai. Ashish Mansharamani, F. D. Marketing of Luxury Goods.Carr, T. (2013). The luxury market outlook 2013. Luxury Daily . Carvalho, A. M. (2012). Consumer behavior in the luxury industry Getting a grasp on consumers,Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations. Chaturvedi, D. (2010). India is next luxury goods hub. ET Bureau. Contributor, G. (2010, 1). Thebusiness of fashion. Mumbai.Escalera, K. W. (2013). Four Luxury Marketing ideas for 2013. Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Krawitz, A. (2012, 09 06). Advertising diamonds.Mehra, P. ( 2008. , 3 27). India ranks 3rd in brand consciousness. Mumbai, India. Nielsen. Indians among top three Brand Conscious.Steve Hodgson, M. D. (2007, april). Confidence in Diamonds tap to market conference.

Fevicol

Fevicol was launched in 1959 and has a long history as a stigmatise used exclusively by carpenters. It later moved into the everyday use category. The campaign, bewildered by Ogilvy & Mather, was initially aired across the country in teaser poster ads and prints. The advertisements are created in the old traditional Indian cinema poster style, with hand painted graphics and vivid colors. The ad takes on the form of a mini word picture with a father dressing up his daughter as a male character for a skit.To complete the look, he glues on a moustache with a drop of Fevicol. Unfortunately for his daughter, it stays in place for good. The moustache is with her through good times and bad, until her very last breath. A baby with a moustache is born the moment she passes away as a nod to the concept of reincarnation. Piyush Pandey, executive chairman and CD for South Asia at Ogilvy & Mather was initially tasked to develop a campaign for another brand under the Pidilite umbrella, Fevitite . Fevitite is too small a brand for a big idea like this.Take the property all oer again and shoot it for Fevicol, and that was the beginning of everything. Ogilvy & Mather has turned a brand that does not immediately lend itself to creativity into an advertising legend over the past five decades. Work for the brand has scooped 99 awards over the past twenty years. To be honest, we didnt have a clue about the brand aspect when we started out, back then. Piyush happened to us, and I would say 1988-1999 was when the big leap took place, said Madhukar B Parekh, managing director of Pidilite Industries.

Hnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 & 18 Study Guide Essay

1. The two most important ferments on Enlightenment thought were who? John Locke and Isaac Newton 2. After 1688, Great Britain permitted ghostly toleration to which groups? Lutherans, Jews, and Muslims 3. This nation was significantly freer than whatever other European nation at the beginning of the Enlightenment. What nation is this? Great Britain 4. An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materials created a new and increasing influential social force called what? public opinion 5. Written by Voltaire in English and later translated to cut, this harbour praised the virtues of the English, especially their religious liberty, and implicitly criticized the abuses of french society. What is this books title? Letters on the English 6. Philosophies criticized the Christian church for small-army things, but non for what? Taking too particular a role in national politics.7. The two major points in the Deists creed were what? The belief in an afte rlife subordinate upon ones earthly actions and the existence of a rational God. 8. Which of the quest figures came closest to atheism in their religious thinking? Baron dHolbach 9. match to Ethics, the most famous of his works, this man closely identified God and nature, an idea for which his contemporaries condemned him. Who was this? Spinoza 10. This 18th century philosopher was known as the Jewish Socrates. Who is this man? Mendelssohn 11. Pascal and other critics saw this as an exceptionally carnal or sexually promiscuous religion because of its teaching that heaven was a place of esthetic delights. What is this religion? Islam 12. The Encyclopedia did what? secularized learning and spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe 13. He published On Crimes and Punishments, in which he applied critical abbreviation to the problem of making punishments both effective and just. Who is this? Marquis Cesare Beccaria 14. Adam smith advocated what? The ending of Englands mercantile system.15. According to Smith, government should provide what? Schools, armies, navies and roads. 16. According to Smiths four-stage theory, human societies moved from where to where? Barbarism to Civilization 17. The most important political thought of the Enlightenment occurred in what country? France 18. He contended that the process of cultivation and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature. Who is he? Rousseau 19. Based on his ideas and traditions, most 18th-century political thinkers regarded human beings as individuals and society as a collection of individuals pursing personal, self-centered goals. Who is this? John Locke 20. Most European thinkers associated with the Enlightenment favored what? the extension of European empires across the adult male 21. Herder is famous for his early views concerning what? cultural relativism22. The philosophies generally were not what? avid feminists 23. He maintained that women were not naturally inferior to men and that women sh ould have a wider role in society. He was also sympathetic in his observations concerning the look upon placed on womens appearance and the prejudice women met as they aged. Who was he? Montesquieu 24. Which of the following styles of art utilizes lavish, often lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light? Rococo 25. Which of the following styles of art embodies a return to figurative and architectural modes drawn from the Renaissance and the ancient world? Neoclassicism 26. Neoclassical paintings were didactic rather than emotional and their subject matter usually concerned what? Public life or public morals. 27. He was a fortified monarchist who in 1759 published a History of the Russian Empire under Peter the Great, which declared, Peter was born, and Russia was formed Who said this? Voltaire 28. Monarchs such as Joseph II and Catharine II made enlightened reforms as part of their drive to do what? Increase revenues and gain political support. 29. This monarch embodies enlightened absolutism more than any other. He/she forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy? Frederick the Great 30. Monarchs associated with enlightened absolutism include all of the following rulers Maria Theresa, Joseph II, Frederick the Great, Catherine II 31. Of all the rising states of the 18th century, this state was the most diverse in its people and problems. What is this state? Austria 32. Maria Theresa of Austria did all of the following limited the amount of labor the nobility could demand from peasants established a very efficient tax system expanded primary education created central councils to read with political problems 33. Joseph II of Austria sought to improve the productivity and social conditions of the peasantry 34. Catherine the Great of Russia did what? built a strong alliance with the nobility35. As part of her territorial aspirations, Catherine the Great painlessly annexed what newly independent state in 1783? Crimea 36. King Louis XVI convened the Estates General in order to do what? raise tax revenues 37. The cut parlements spoke for the interests of what group? The Aristocracy 38. He was responsible for the introduction of the revolutionary land tax that all landowners would have to pay regardless of their social status. Who is he? Charles Alexandre de Calonne 39. The parliament of Paris declared that only the_______________ could establish new taxes. Estates General 40. The Second Estate of the Estates General was made up of what group? The Nobility 41. By the following way the aristocracy attempted to limit the influence of the Third Estate. What is this attempt? They demanded that each estate have an equal number of representatives 42. The cahiers de doleances presented to the king included all of the following grievances Government waste, corruption, indirect taxes, and the hunting rights of the aristocracy.43. The Tennis Court Oath refers to an oath taken by what party? national Assembly to get through France a constitution 44. Throughout the winter and spring of 1789, the high prices for what commodity produced many riots? Bread 45. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was proclaimed by what group? the issue Constituent Assembly 46. During the Great Fear what happened? Peasants reclaimed rights and property they had lost to aristocratic resurgence. 47. Which of the following best describes the form of government pursued by the National Constituent Assembly? constitutional monarchy 48. According to the suffrage stipulations of the Constitution of 1791, approximately how many of Frances 25 million citizens were qualified to vote? 50,00049. The Chapelier Law did what? forbade workers associations 50. The romish Catholic Church condemned the _________________________. French Revolution 51. The following statement about the Jacobins are not true they were the most conservative po litical group in the National Constituent Assembly 52. The term sans culottes was used in revolutionary France to refer to what? Workers 53. The sans culottes wanted what above all else? Democracy 54. Louis XVI was condemned to death on the charge of what? Conspiring against the liberty of the people. 55. As Prime Minister of England, William Pitt the Younger did what? Suppressed reform AND popular movements 56. The following best summarizes Edmund Burkes view of the French Revolution He believed it was shortsighted and politically ignorant57. By April 1793, the following countries were at war with France Spain, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia 58. Issued in August of 1793, the lvee en masse shot was a what? military requisition on the entire population 59. By late 1794, the French army was the _______________________ in European history. Largest army 60. The core value of the republic of virtue created by the revolution was what? Public good over private good 61. The following w as not part of the ideology embraced by Maximilien de Robespierre? sweep Christianity 62. Many victims of the Reign of Terror were subject to what humane form of execution? Guillotine63. The Law of 22 Prairial, passed on June 10 of 1794, permitted the _________ __________________________ without substantial evidence. conviction of counterrevolutionaries 64. The Thermidorian response resulted in all of the following a pull back from the radical revolution a new constitution the closing of the Paris Jacobin Club the simplification of the political power of the sans culottes 65. The Bands of Jesus did what? murdered suspected Jacobins 66. The following best summarizes the comparison of freedoms exercised by women before 1789 versus after 1795? Women had more freedom before 1789 67. The French Revolution has often been considered a victory of what group? Bourgeoisie 68. The Treaties of Basel in March and June 1795 concluded peace with whom? Spain and Prussia

Moral Struggle in Great Expectations

Moral Struggles of Great Expectations slash is the main character of the novel desires to fulfil his expectations and the world he lives in does not gladly provide an lucky flair to his dream. Joe is his br other(a)-in-law and his angry sisters husband who treats bump off much better than her, just because he happens to have a bog heart. In the first gear of the novel, prior to fritter existence exposed to the world he feels that he so-and-so satisfy his expectations, Joe and Pip are equals the humbleness and loyalty that Joe displays are often similar to that of a child.Joe is comfortable with who he is and while he desires to learn from Pip once he becomes educated, he does not seek to be anything other than what he is. This, likinglly, would have been a priceless lesson for Pip to learn, as it would have spared Pip from losing himself in a complex and corrupt world. Sadly, yet pivotally to the intrigue of the plot, it is but once Pip realises the error in his ways tha t he can see the true gentleman in Joe. Interestingly, it is something he identifies early on when he comments that I was looking up to Joe in my heart (49).This is not simply an affection of love, yet one of admiration and respect. It is once Joe repays Pips debts, and leaves to save Pip the embarrassment of associating with him, that Pip realises the quality of Joes character. Joe embodies the true gentleman while not of class, his character is class, and he continually displays qualities of loyalty and fidelity that Pip believes can be embodied by outward displays of wealth and education. Pip learns from Joe albeit in hindsight and through his own personal crises that wealth and class are not constitutional to being a gentleman.Mr Jaggers, the attorney of Pips mysterious benefactor and a ruthless and respected man in society, demos what Pip could become in the society he loses himself in. His standing as a gentleman is not based in the quality of his character (as he is a por trayed as a defence lawyer, interacting with dubious suspects on a daily basis with a fierce and powerful manner) but in the fearful respect he commands in society. So complex is Mr Jaggers character that he is able to command respect from Pip, in spite of that he hardly knew what to make of Mr Jaggers manner. Wemmick suggests that Mr Jaggers would return key it as a compliment to know that Pip felt that way. (196) It is clear, however, that Pip admires Mr Jaggers, as is unequivocal in Chapter 20 of the novel. Pip is privy to Mr Jaggers mannerisms when dealing with clients. Pip, despite being introduced to Mr Jaggers character in this manner, is clearly infatuated with his power and status and accepts him as a gentleman. Ironically, Mr Jaggers was not born into wealth either, but rather worked his way up to his position of power.Pip ignores this fact, and it is only after he learns the truth astir(predicate) his journey to becoming a gentleman that he realises that Mr Jaggers do es not represent a true gentleman either. He is yet another representation of how wealth and power are in fact far removed from being a gentleman. The irony is that Mr Jaggers true character is never hidden from Pip, and thus so great are his expectations, that he is blinded to the blatant truth about a true gentlemans role in society.The character Abel Magwitch (initially referred to as the convict, and only revealed as Pips benefactor as the terminate of the novel) is not only the catalyst to a growth into manhood and morality for Pip, but the character from whom Pip learns the most from during their interaction. As the convict, Magwitch is nothing but a source of latent fear for Pip. The intrigue surrounding the indistinguishability of the benefactor and the assumptions the reader makes compliments the idea that he is a source of fear, and nothing else.At the climax of the novel, when it is revealed to Pip that it is Abel Magwitch, a convict and fugitive, who has bestowed his ne w riches on the boy who tried to help him years previously, Pips expectations and belief in the gentleman he thinks he is, is shattered. As Pip believes his benefactor was Miss Havisham, and that she has been grooming him for Estella, and to become a true gentleman, he never questions the validity of his plaza as a gentleman.Upon learning that the source of his education and wealth and ultimately his status as a gentleman is in fact a convict, his identity is crushed. It is to his horror that the source of his status as a gentleman is the absolute antithesis of a gentleman in his eyes. Pip thus has to come to terms with the idea that it is not the outward appearance of a man that determines his character. This is also echoed in Chapter 5 of the novel, when Magwitch/the convict confesses to stealing food from Mrs Joe to save Pip from being implicated.Pip has to accept that the class he was trying to distance himself from embodies something to aspire to. Towards the end of the nove l, Pip displays his growth as he reflects that in Magwitch he only cut a man who had meant to be my benefactor, and who had felt affectionately grate entirey and generously towards me with great constancy through a series of years. I only power saw in him a much better man than I had been to Joe. (440) Thus Pip identifies himself as less of a gentleman than that of Joe and Magwitch, illustrating that he has come full circle, to acknowledging his faults in his perception of his status as a gentleman due to his wealth and education. Herbert represents who Pip could become. Despite his lack of wealth initially, he is every atomic number 49 a gentleman and upon receiving money at the request of Pip, he starts his own law firm and builds a successful career for himself, thus fulfilling the desires that Pip believed he strove for.Pip chooses to misuse the wealth that is bestowed upon him, and it is after Pip learns the valuable lessons from Joe, Jaggers and Magwitch, that he realises t hat Herbert is the gentleman he aspires to become. While the irony of the source of Herberts wealth being indirectly from Pip is not unclear and certainly not unimportant, is it Pips realisation that it is not the source of wealth and status that makes one a gentleman, but the manner in which ones character is displayed in the consequences of ones actions.Pip learns to assume responsibility from his destiny from the success of Herbert. It is evident that valuable lessons about the character displayed in actions are prevalent in Great Expectations. Joe, Jaggers, Magwitch and Herbert (albeit not as forcefully) offer insight into the quality of ones character as an internal embodiment of class. Jaggers fails to impress, whereas Magwitch and Joe display varying yet quintessential attributes of gentlemen.Herbert is the opposite pole to Jaggers, representing what Pip can become by embodying gentlemanlike characteristics, rather than trying to live like one. Pip learns various aspects of t he same intrinsic lesson from all these characters that is it not the quality of the life of the man, but the quality of the man, that speaks of his character. Pip loses this sense during the course of the novel, and it is the interaction with these characters that gradually return him to a path of fulfilling his greatest expectations and dreams.

Dolphin 1984

In 1984, he co-founded and led the spin-off company Pain Capital, a exceedingly profitable private equity investment firm that became one of the largest of its kind in the nation. Economy, everyone might wonder what mitt will do and he believes in free enterprise, hard work, and innovation. His plan consist of reduce assesses, spending, regulation, and government programs. Mitts plan to help The United States of America, is to increase the number in Jobs. Rooney plans to increase trade, energy production, man capital, and labor flexibility. With Rooney in the house, Obama care would be out. Roomers view on healthcare consist of the following wouldnt affect seniors or those near retirement, would not raise taxes, and incite to help the pupil choose amidst traditional Medicare or private plans.This Health Care Rooney speaks of will provide the same are and medicine resembling Medicare, but to a coverage. Mitt Rooney is pro-life. He believes that all Americans develop a voice, th at should not be take away from them. People from whatever background live on that millions and millions of abortions happen every year. Rooney would like to go to the Supreme Court and overturn Roe v. Wade. With this in mind, Rooney will have each and every state have their own abortion laws. Rooney will protect the Doctors, nurse, etc. Of Hospitals. Meaning Saint Catherine for example, will not be giving abortions. Rooney will have Judges that jazz the choice between personal opinion and the law.Rooney believes this statement.. Why are we taking the lives of the most innocent among Marriage is between one woman and one man, or so believes Mitt Rooney. Rooney says he wants to support traditional marriage. Rooney would like to propose a Federal Marriage Amendment to the Constitution defining marriage as between one man and one woman. Paul Ryan Bio Ryan was born in Janesville,Wisconsin. He was the youngest child in his family of four. His mother Elizabeth and his father Paul Murray Ryan who was a lawyer. Paul is a fifth generation. Ryan attended SST. Marry Catholic in Janesville, where he was elected president of his Junior class, and then became prom king.As class president Ryan was a deputy of the student body on the school board. Following his sophomore year, Ryan took a Job working the grill at McDonalds. He was on his Nicholls ski,track,and varsity soccer teams and played basketball in a Catholic recreational league. He also participated in several academic and social clubs including the Model United Nations. When he was 16, Ryan found his 55 year old father lying dead in bed off heart attack. ISSUES Mitt Rooney Taxes Reducing and stabilizing federal official spending is essential, but breathing life into the resent anemic recovery will also require fixing the nations tax code to focus on Jobs and growth.To repair the nations tax code, marginal rates must be brought down to stimulate entrepreneurship, Job creation, and investment, while still raising t he revenue needed to stock a smaller, smarter, simpler government. The principle of fairness must be preserved in federal tax and spending policy. Individual Taxes Americas individual tax code applies relatively high marginal tax rates on a narrow tax base. Those high rates discourage work and entrepreneurship, as well as savings ND investment. With 54 percent of private sector workers employed outside of corporations, individual rates also define the incentives for Job-creating businesses. Lower marginal tax rates secure for all Americans the economic gains from tax reform. Make perm, across-the-board 20 percent cut in marginal rates * Maintain stream tax rates on interest, dividends, and capital gains * Eliminate taxes for taxpayers with GAG below $200,000 on interest, dividends, and capital gains * Eliminate the Death Tax * Repeal the Alternative lower limit Tax (MAT) Corporate Taxes The U. S. Economys 35 percent incarnate tax rate is among the highest in the industrial world , reducing the ability of our nations businesses to compete in the global prudence and to invest and create Jobs at home. By limiting investment and growth, the high rate of corporate tax also hurts U. S. Wages. * Cut the corporate rate to 25 percent * Strengthen and make permanent the R&D tax credit * Switch to a territorial tax system * Repeal the corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (AM Rooney Immigration Rooney tends to emphasize border security and an immigration system that will benefit the economy.To secure the borders, Rooney wants to complete the construction of a high-tech fence along the Southern border with Mexico. He says he wants enough officers for border security, but does not specify if more, or how many, officers might be needed. Additionally, he wants to improve the exit verification system to make sure that immigrants do not overstay their temporary worker visas. To retain skilled workers, Rooney proposes offering permanent residency status to foreign students who obtain an advanced degree in math, science or engineering at a U. S. University. For industries that need and use temporary workers from outside the United States, Rooney wants to reform the temporary worker visa system by removing requirements that slow the process of obtaining the visa.To discourage immigrants from entering the country, or staying in the country, without ripe documentation, Rooney would like to develop an improved employment verification system for employers to ensure that they are not hiring unauthorized immigrants. During the race for the Republican nomination, Rooney argued that there would be no need to increase deportations of unauthorized immigrants because implementing a functional employment verification system would make it difficult for them to find a bob and they would self deport. Rooney also opposes magnets, or benefits, for unauthorized immigrants that he believes encourages immigrants to enter the country without authorization. When he was governo r of Massachusetts, he vetoed a bill that would allow in-state tuition for unauthorized immigrants and opposed drivers licenses for illicit immigrants.

My first fight

I was a ferocious lion. I disordered my temper uncontrollably. Nathan was bleeding incessantly from his nose. Blood imputed on my right knee and my left hand. The full(a) resort area stood motionless. I could perceive each and e very(prenominal) person looking at me with sheer admiration. They gazed at me identical I was a lion and Nathan was a gazelle, regardless of Nathan being virtu exclusivelyy twice my stature.I can still remember the events of my first fight as if they took place yesterday. I was pushed in to winning part in such an abhorrent incident on the first day of primary initiate during my first six months in the country. My uncle revealed to me that the reason that I had non begun school immediately was because my family arrived to the country center(a) through the academic socio-economic class. My family and I had just started to settle down in the country, adapting to the weather and the environment when my parents wound me with the news that they had found me a school to grace with my presence. Endeavouring to learn a new language was demanding enough, exclusivelyow alone new children, teachers and books all of whom spoke a different language.The majority of the children in my mark had all attended the nursery and infants before entering primary school. Therefore, I did not share, or relate to the experiences they shared out together, comparable playing with the sand building castles, competing in various skipping games, riding on bicycles, drinking draw in the afternoons and having much fun with the paint. As a result, I matte disconcerted by so m whatever questions rushing through my head. Was I going to be accepted into one of or whatever of these groups of eight year olds? Was I going to be the only one without a partner when doing polar work? Was I going to be the only one sitting unaccompanied in the dine hall?Unfortunately, the events that took place aggravated me more than I expected. On the first day when the teacher was introducing me to the class, I felt so unbefitting and mortified when she publicized I had just arrived from another country. There was that split- assist when most of the children looked at me corresponding I was an outsider, an alien. Voices were whispering from each corner of the room who is he? I felt isolated, remote, and would never scram contemplated that after two days their thoughts would be on the contrary.After being introduced to the class by my teacher, Ms fielding introduced me to Carl, who would accompany me for the day. She then seated the pair of us on a table with two other children Nathan and David. It was time for literacy hour and everyone had to write about what they accomplished everyplace the half-term break. As my skills were not to the standard of the other children, I unflinching to have a peak at what the others were create verbally about. To my amazement, nobody actually seemed to be doing any work apart from Carl, who later spent the majority of the aurora session at the toilet. Meanwhile, David decided to smell a mixture of pens, which to this day I think is very peculiar. Nathan had written down the title My First Fight, but then started to doodle on a spotless new table. David brought his sniffing to a standstill and began a conversation with Nathan about football. The rest of the class were having passing noisy conversations, in contempt of the teachers numerous shrieks to bring the noise to an end. It seemed that she had absolutely no control over people a third of her age.Nevertheless, there was one person who had an immense effect on the class, Mrs Fassal, the deputy-head teacher. The second she walked in the class was so quiet a pin drop could be heard. As she walked in she had a quick glance around the classroom and she became aware of the vandalising offence Nathan had committed. She bellowed at our table communicate Who did it? There was a slight pause. The whole class was listening as if they were an audi ence to a verdict. Mrs Fassal shouted again, Who did it?The new boy did it Mrs Fassal, Nathan alleged.Yeah, the new boy did it Mrs Fassal. David accused.And you Carl, did you see anything?No Miss, I was at the toilet Carl replied.I felt trapped like a wild animal in a cage salient enough only for a mouse. I was so infuriated with Nathans spitefulness, blaming me for his relentless vandalising acts. Nonetheless, I had a disembodied spirit that soon, very soon, Nathan would pay for his horrendous accusations. Mrs Fassal would not listen to any of my cries for help. However, she kept me back at daybreak break and yelled at me so loud, Carl later said he heard her in a playground full of screaming children.After morning break, I remained with Mrs Fassal until lunchtime, but I was sanctioned to have my lunch break. As Carl was my escort for the day, he invited me to play a game of football with him and his friends. Nevertheless, some of Carls acquaintances especially Nathan, seemed u ptight on the subject of allowing me to engage in recreation. I was not perturbed in the slightest way, even so Carl managed to persuade them for me to join the game.During the first five minutes of the game, I did not touch the ball, instead I decided to see how everyone played. It emerged that Nathan was physically the biggest in comparison to the other boys and was using this to his advantage. I noticed that all Nathan was doing was jostling anyone that came near him, or whenever he wanted the ball. None of the players seemed to confront Nathan or show any sign of discomfort. Instead, they gave out the impression they were frightened Nathan would hurt them if they showed any sign of discomposure.Throughout my observation of the game, out of the blue the ball arrived at my feet. Nathan was scampering towards me. We all knew what he was out to do. He had that look on his face like a tiger just about to take down his prey. Passing the ball was not an option, it was a game of knocko uts, and it was everyman for himself. There were two options available to me, either to be clamped down and fall to the ground, or bring out the way as soon as he lunged at me. I felt like a gazelle being run at by a lion. It was a split-second decision, so I decided to kick the ball to the left and spin around to the right as soon as he lunged at me. He fell to the ground as if he had been shot in the back. The entire playground stood in total and complete amazement.Nathan was a raging bull. He went on his knees and tilted his head up with a fuming look, as though he was about to eradicate someone. I warned him and said No contend, fighting no good however I knew he was going to take no notice. He roared like a lion and charged at me like a rampant bull. As Nathan tried to rugby football tackle me I seized him in a headlock and kneed him in the face continuously. Fortunately, for Nathan we were detached by Mr Chiriste, the school keeper. all(prenominal) the anger Nathan had cause d me earlier, all the fury, all the upset, in addition to me being yelled at until I intimately cried was released in those few seconds. Thankfully I did not get into a great deal of deflect despite the fact I caused Nathan to bleed. The majority of the children in the playground backed me up by aspect Nathan started the fight and I fought in self-defence.The chance of me losing my temper was as likely as Mike Tyson not losing his after being slapped in the face. Even at the tender age of eight, I never lost my temper unless exceedingly provoked. It is almost impossible to imagine what it takes for such a tranquil eight year old to reach that point of anger. On that particular Wednesday, that level of anger was caused by Nathan Tyler, and he salaried the price for his actions.Looking back on my first fight, I think it is quite comical wherefore I became so discoloured over such a minor incident. If I was in Nathans situation I would have almost certainly preferred to blame the new boy, rather than face a monster like Mrs Fassal. Nevertheless, the thought of eight year olds making each other bleed is quite frightening.

Bio Enzyme Lab

Enzyme Lab Experiments Problem How can we demonstrate how enzymes work? What happens if we alter the surroundings of an enzyme? Materials Glucose Test StripsTest TubesPipettesRaw HamburgLettucePotato Raw LiverChalkBeakersDairy Lactose TabletWaterSugar Solo Cups Hot PlateKnifeGlovesSkim MilkGlow SticksPeroxide Hypothesis 1. If we change the environment via temperature the smooth pulsate forget Its enthusiasm will change 2. If hydrogen bleach is added to a certain food coloured then It would bubble 3. If a lactaid enzyme to draw the It would separate Procedure (A) 1. Collect three fire thumps. 2.Boil water in 400 mL beaker add 1st glowstick for 30 minutes. 3. Place molybdenum glowstick in freezer for 30 minutes 4. Leave third glow stick at board temperature for 30 minutes 5. hold open and record findings. information Collected (A) Place a glow stick in each environment below. Using a scale 1-3 1 being normal intensity 3 being brigh interrogatory intensity BeakerObservati on Freezer1 Boiling Water3 Room Temperature (control)2 Procedure (B) 1. Collect sample of rude(a) liver, potato, raw hamburg, lettuce and chalk. 2. Place each sample in individual running play vacuum underpass in rack. 3. Observe samples antecedent to adding peroxide. 4. channel 1 mL of peroxide to each test tube 5. Observe and record findings Data Collected (B) Reaction after hydrogen peroxide is added. Using a scale of 0-5 0 macrocosm no bubbles 5 being the most bubbles Test tubeObservation before adding hydrogen peroxideObservation after adding hydrogen peroxide 1 liverDark brown in color (expired meat)5 2 potatoInner slice with some skin2 3 raw hamburgNormal in color4 4 lettuceFresh green lettuce1 5 chalk Yellow colored chalk0 Procedure (C) Preparation 1. Enzyme Solution Add one lactase tablet to 200 ml of water. Stir until the tablet is dissolved. . Skim Milk This upshot contains lactose. 3. Sucrose SolutionAdd 5 grams of sugar to 100 ml of water. Stir until the sug ar is dissolved. 4. denaturised enzyme Solution 1. Place 20 ml of enzyme closure into a test tube. 2. Add 200 ml of water to a 400 ml beaker. 3. Place the test tube in the beaker. Make sure it does not spill out. 4. Place the beaker and the test tube on a hot plate. 5. Boil the water for 30 minutes. 6. Let the resultant cool to room temperature. Procedure (C-1) 1. Collect 6 mL of read milk, touch 2mL in each test tube (3 test tubes of skim milk). . Collect 4mL of saccharose firmness of purpose, place 2mL in each test tube (2 test tubes total). 3. Observe and record initial observations. 4. Add 1mL of enzyme solution to a skim milk test tube add 1mL of water to 2nd skim milk test tube, ad 1mL denatured enzyme solution to 3rd skim milk test tube. 5. Add 1mL of enzyme solution to 1st test tube of sucrose solution add 1mL of water to 2nd test tube of sucrose solution. 6. Insert Glucose test strip in wch test tube (5 total). Wait 2 minutes. 7. Observe and record whether or not gluc ose is present and how much.Test tubeInitial ObservationGlucose Test strip Is glucose present 1. 2 ml of skim milk and 1ml of the enzyme solutionBubbles3000 Glucose 2. 2 ml of skim milk and 1 ml of waterNo bubbles 2 layers300 Glucose 3. 2 ml of skim milk and 1 ml of denatured solutionBubbles and layers 0 Glucose 4. 2 ml of sucrose solution and 1 ml of enzyme solutionClear liquidYellow in color zero glucose 5. 2 ml of sucrose solution and 1 ml of waterClear liquid Yellow in color no glucose What happens when the enzyme is denatured? The Enzyme does not work. guide Questions 1. In which beaker did the glow stick glow the most?Why do you think that is? The beaker that contained hot water. The horniness from the water will speed up the chemical rate of reaction taking place, and therefore will glow brighter the cold one will use up its rate of reaction slowed, and thus be dimmer. 2. What did the glow stick show about enzymes and different environments? How does changing the temperatu re affect the rate of an enzyme-controlled experiment? The increasing temperature increases molecular(a) motion and may increase the number of times an enzyme contacts and combines with a substrate molecule.Temperature may also invite the shape of the enzyme molecule, making it fit better with the substrate. 3. What effect may change in PH have on an enzyme activity? The three-dimensional structure of a protein leaves certain side duress exposed. These side chains may attract ions from the environment. Under the right conditions, a group of positively charged hydrogen ions may accumulate on certain parts of an enzyme. A change in pH disrupts an enzymes shape and structure. When the pH changes an enzymes structure, the enzyme cant do its job. Changes in pH break the delicate bonds that maintain an enzymes shape.An enzyme will unravel, or denature, and become futile in a different pH. Stomach enzymes work in a super acidic environment of pH 2. A little way down the digestive tract , intestine enzymes need a pH of 8. 4. Why did the hamburger and liver react differently with hydrogen peroxide? They have natural catalase enzymes which were gloomy down with the presence of hydrogen peroxide. 5. What is the job of the lactase enzyme? Lactase is an enzyme which breaks down lactose, a sugar effect in milk and other dairy products. 6. In which test tubes was the glucose present? Why?In test tube 1 the enzyme broke down the lactose . Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and galactose. The lactose tablet contained lactase which hydrolyzed the lactose into constituent galactose and glucose. Glucose is naturally occurring in skim milk thus in test tube 2 found in a much smaller amount than test tube 1. 7. What happened when the enzyme was denatured or altered by heat? Did it work the same? Was glucose present? There was no glucose present. It did not work at all. Summary What the class learn today about the jobs of enzymes? What questions does the class put away have ?

Book Review on the Third Side by William Ury

Book Review of The Third spot Why We Fight and How We Can Stop by William Ury Reviewed By Syed Shahzad Ali Class M. Phil ( DPA) Review Submitted to Dr. Anila Amber Dated 17th October 2012 Book Review of The Third face Why We Fight and How We Can Stop by William Ury This is a state-of-the-art defend on engagement management and dialogue by well known negotiator and mediator William L. Ury, an American National, who is worlds leading talks expert, he has mediated situations ranging from corporate arena to wildcat strikes, and from family disputes to ethnic wars in the Middle East, the Balkans, N.Ireland and many opposite places. He has also deformed on the problem of how to prevent nuclear war as a consultant to The White House Crises Management Center. He received his B. A from Yale and his Ph. D. in social anthropology from Harvard University. The structure of bound The Third Side is concerned, its 251 pager light weight with blue secrete page make which is easy to carry a nd read any where even in a train or spate while travelling or in coffee shop or at bed time, the casing of Times New Roman has been used in the have got with Bold heading text of book is justified.It facilitates the all state of affairs and human situations whether they belong from corporate arena to management labor disputes and from family crises to negotiation or peace talks between two warring countries i. e. its transforming encounter at home, at work and in the world in to Peace. This book has been written published in USA by Penguin Books. The act of the book is quite attractive and self explanatory for the affairs of deviation and its resolution i. e. The Third Side . The cover page marrow, color and logo once again, portray the whole theme of paperback book, its xplanatory subtitle on cover page of Why We Fight And How We Can Stop and In logo two human experience been depicted in front and the word Third has been placed in between, in which the Alphabet I has been presented as Human which for surely complement the main Title of Book. The Purpose of book is to diminish the possibilities of conflict and change the culture of conflict within our families, our workplaces or organizations, our communities, and most importantly within our world. The idea of paperback is to explore the reasons we are in conflict and sets forward a roadmap to resolution.The precedent has given ten roles persuade manner for the prevention (Provider, Teacher, Bridge-builder), containment of conflicts(Mediator, Arbiter, Equalizer, Healer) and its resolution(Witness, Referee, Peacekeeper). These ten practical roles described as managers, teachers, parents, and citizensthat each of us can shimmer every day to prevent destructive conflict, yet much small has not been given some which sort of personalities can adopt to which role/s or Can any cardinal play the all roles simultaneously?And in our Pakistani society where we have limitations to interfere into the o ther affairs as trine grimace by using all ten roles cannot be possible to play by one individual. by from mediation, all roles lack in to tell someone that how one can develop the qualities to perform such(prenominal) roles and how you can do it? As far as his methodology is concerned so its quite modify but more hypotheses can be created region wise graphical representation but book lacks in it for instance author can segregate the chapters region wise that how one conflict resolves in one society i. . in east or west etc and variation in conflicts level in different societies or cultures. Much of examples are from his personal cases or experiences which have been discussed over again and again throughout the book but case studies from some other references can be implicated to eject his point of view which must give his work more authentication. Author is an anthropologist thats why he has given too much depth in first too chapter where he specifies about the recital of hu man being and its evolution, culture development, population growth on earth , agriculture istory, industrial & acquaintance revolution, Development of weapons & wars etc, which some time distract the reader s attention from its main theme of conflict management. Tone Expression of author was strong in beginning but it has become soften when third segment of book started from How can we stop? And at the end again tone expression of author found strong. Ideology of an author is ideal which might be varied from culture to culture parliamentary law to Society. Argument presented in the paperback with lot of enthusiasm conviction, one should appreciate it as well.Grip on content were sufficient within a single part of book and linkages among thr paragraphs were dampen but among the three move it bit distracted as first part of book was bit lengthy over detailed and reader may lost the direction if he is not reading it in a one sitting. Conclusion has been depicted in a very per suasive suggestive manner which left the leaden impression on the reader mind about the third side Conflict Management. Its a significant contribution by William Ury to the domain of conflict Management.Its not only give the new consequence to manage the relationships while dealing with difficult people which is need of todays world specially for the society of Pakistan, but also it is equally instructive for the students of social sciences or psychology. One should read it once in his/her carriage whether one is professional or not or student of conflict management, to create a better understanding about the third side conflict resolution. It is the prime need of our society in Pakistan to include this special gift on Conflict resolution to make it the part of our educational curriculum.

Chart and Reflection Essay

The Somebody- cherished-But-So chart is an excellent way to summarize classic information from history. In it, you identify a person or group of people their goal, need, or postulate what conflict of interest stood in the way and the outcome. This strategy works great because history depends on the needs, wants, and actions of humans. embark on 1 Complete the following chart using information from the lesson. One example appears for you. Somebody Wanted But So President Abraham Lincolnthe nation to heal as quickly as manageable from the Civil War and planned to reunify the nation quickly he was assassinated in 1865 and days after Robert E. Lees surrender plans for Reconstruction were taken over by unrighteousness President Andrew Johnson, who became president after Lincolns death President Andrew JohnsonTo continue the Reconstructionrelation kept over-riding his requestRadical Republicans started the Radical Reconstruction.Radical RepublicansSoutherners to be punished for re-u nifying with the Union.President convert took positioning and removed the federal troops from the south Federal protection for African American voters and pro-republicans, including freedmen, was over.Southern DemocratsTo take a shit federal troops removed from the south and to have a gray Democrat named in the cabinet.Hayes accepted this request and removed the federal troops while also naming a southern democrat in his office. The reconstruction policy came to an end after the federal troops were removed from the south. disperse 2 Answer the following questions in a complete paragraph of your own words. What was themain air relating to Reconstruction that dual-lane Republicans at the end of the Civil War? If you had been a member of Congress at the time, what type of plan for Reconstruction would you have supported and why?There were many different opinions which had divided Republicans at the end of the Civil War. One of these opinions was about the punishment that confede rate leading should receive. Whether the confederate leaders should be punished as traitors or just pay for damages was the main topic of interest. I probably would have supported Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnsons plan for Reconstruction. They sought a perfect nuclear fusion of America which was the ideal way to end things. It wasnt their fault that the plan didnt work either, if it wasnt for Lincolns assassination and the Radical Republicans taking the policy from Johnson, all would have been well.

Comprehensive Immigration Reform Essay

Over m, the unify States in-migration establishment has undergone a myriad of complete reforms which behave be to greatly impact the composition of its universe. though it is unclear whether these specific policies were products of theoretical assumptions, such as those associated with a countrys economical stature, the social norms of the time period, or hike contributory factors such as the existing political landscape, the issue of in-migration has continued to remain problematic in the 21st degree centigrade and requires a structured approach. Preceding the up-to-date Obama administration and previous Bush administrations of the early 2000s, relatively late(a) major reforms were made to the U.S. immigration system done the passage of bills beginning in 1986 under the immigration Reform and Control bite, in 1990 under the Immigration Act, and in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant business Act of 1996 (Bodvarsson and Van den Berg, 368). Each of these leg islative bills proposes different sets of nourishment which include, to some degree, address comprehensive immigration reform. However, the policy strategy to include these broader reforms on recent immigration ordinance have mostly fai take to emerge from beyond the preliminary procedures of coitus as a result of strong opposition by todays lawmakers.More specifically, the notable policy trend in contemporary worker immigration legislation involves the heavy emphasis on palisade enforcement as the principal solution to the issue as a whole. The comprehensive processes that were once established through the legislative bills of the 1980s and 90s, such as the family reunification course of studys, legal amnesty clauses, and population ceilings, are now largely absent from the one-dimensional enforcement system employd today. It is within the scope of this philosophical shift that has elicited the question of why the most recently implemented immigration policies have been lim ited to the expansion of border enforcement mandates, while preceding legislative reforms aimed to embrace a somewhat broader framework that addressed additional issues beyond enforcement? More importantly, is strictly focusing and livelihood border enforcement programs the most economically feasible solution in comparison to ersatz methods? In order to puddle an appropriate conclusion to the questions raised by the current trend, it is required that an extensive evaluation and comparison of the pecuniary budgets of recent policies be conducted, in addition to an examination of the overall efficiency andeffectiveness of those policies by analyzing every year charactered statistics.Also, a thorough understanding of the overall complexities and interconnectedness of these policies with other prominent issues in the macrocosm policy realm is required and must serve as a starting point in order to clearly establish the context of the existing public discourse on immigration. This gradual lapsing of the US immigration system posterior be understood by first examining some of the slipway in which certain large-scale issues played a role in the federal government activitys policymaking process during the turn of the 21st century. Migration Policy Institute analyst Marc R. Rosenblum discusses some of these issues in depth in his insightful piece titled, Understanding the Stalemate over Comprehensive Immigration Reform. As he points out, the months quest the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks demonstrate the ways in which the immigration system was, though indirectly, greatly effected by the efforts made by Congress and the President to take swift action, in which he reiterates in his words, immigration processes and border controls immediately became a central topic of concern, (4). This immediate response by the government led to a massive restructuring of the immigration system under new security and anti-terrorism policy measures.Any impression that these actions would essentially entail some comprehensive reforms would prove to only result in the straits of the in truth ID Act in 2005 which only toughened regulations for immigrants trying to acquire a state drivers license, and withal did so only as an attachment to another unrelated measure (5). Other efforts by supporters of comprehensive immigration reform in twain the House of Representatives and Senate would at last fail to push preliminary either new legislation in 2006 and again in 2007 despite passing the Senate, but at long last lose momentum for any chance to propose restructured visas or legalized amnesty after the abrupt economic decline of 2008 (6). Even more recent legislative efforts to renew comprehensive reforms by Senator Robert Menendez of New jersey in 2010, as well as by former Texas Representative Solomon Ortiz in 2009, died in Congress despite Ortizs CIR ASAP bill being referred to committees (loc.gov, 2012). Though Senator Menedezs bill was rei ntroduced in foregoing of June 2011 to the current 112th Congress, the senate has only passed a total of 24 public laws this year (loc.gov, 2012). In contrast, enforcement based provisions as well as their monetary fundingrequirements passed easily over the same period of time through bills such as the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Pr even offtion Act of 2004 and the Secure smother Act of 2006 (Rosenblum, 5).The legislative activities during these years present the very pattern that remains today. One that had ultimately began with the passing of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, where President George W. Bush authorized the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, which would eventually become the permanent cabinet part that federal border enforcement programs and immigration officials would operate under (Chishti et al, 2). In addition to his discussion on the policy agenda set forth by the 9/11 attacks, Rosenblum offers specific examples as to why the trend favori ng the strict use of enforcement has continued and declares that within the matter of immigration policy there is a strong bias which is, in favor of enforcement rather than legalization or visa reform, (10). He continues to then list three primary reasons for the existence of the bias noting of the cost-benefit advantages of migration enforcement, the procedural difficulties for draught and enacting new legislation, and its classification as an issue which is conveniently easy to support in the political pipe bowl (Rosenblum, 11).While Rosenblums examples summarize the most basic obstacles that have successfully defeated any efforts to pronounce comprehensive reforms rather in the decade, these same rationales have only continued on and remained consistent today, even under a newly elected President in Barack Obama. Given that the 2007 McCain-Kennedy bill marks by chance the most legitimate effort at achieving comprehensive immigration reform in the 21st century, it seems as though the complexities of the legislative processes and strategic ploys utilized by the fields major players have successfully prevented any changes to policy approach. However, it is as well as critical to note that Obamas legislative agenda became focused with the explosive economic downturn shortly after taking office in 2008, as well as taking on other major legislation in addressing healthcare and insurance reform. The outline of these concerns can besides be understood as a list of relatively new constraints upon comprehensive immigration supporters, as there is a distinct contrast in the policy approaches between the 107th-112th congress and those with which preceded it.The earlier legislative bills which utilized comprehensive immigration measures, such as the Immigration Reformand Control Act of 1986, were generally aimed to address and, if successful, rid some of the problems at which the immigration system faced at the time. However, it is overly clear that by doing so these specific programs also helped to realign and improve the current system as a way to better establish the general trajectory and stable functionality of the system in the future. Though the extent to which programs were more or less effective is often debated, it is necessary to assume that the immigration system as a whole requires continuous adjustments appropriate for fulfilling, as writer Richard A. Boswell states, the overall objective of immigration laws in the United States, or more specifically to, keep the flow of people into the country to a manageable level, while preserving the interests of family unity and the need for labor, (Boswell, 204).While Boswells definition is by no means interpreted as federal law, the authors statement essentially grasps the premise of immigration and twain of its most pressing issues which remain at the core of the modern day discussion. As the congressional record of todays policies in the greater the 21st century have shown, lawm akers have failed to properly bear upon immigration by choosing to over pursue and implement a vast agenda of security measures which, have thus far proved only ineffective and highly inefficient in solving the fields most glaring issues. The continued efforts to focus on enforcement and reestablish stricter policies have proceeded beyond need and have reached excessive levels of spending without producing adequate or proportional results.The statistical reports provided by the federal government reinforce these observations, as they largely reflect the emphasis of strict enforcement programs backed with high spending, particularly when evaluating the fiscal year budgets and recorded results for all active US immigration organizations. For example, dating back to 1990 the United States hem in Patrol had a fiscal year budget totaling the amount of $262,647. Since then, their budget has dramatically increased by 1,251 percent devoted their reported 2011 fiscal year budget of $3,54 9,295 (CBP.gov, 2012). For their parenting agency, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the budget also grew from $5.9 billion in 2003 to $11.8 billion in 2011 (DHS.gov, 2012). The newly created Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency also experient a budget increase over time, from $3.3 billion to $5.7 billion in 2011 andpeaking at $6 billion in 2009 (DHS.gov, 2012). The examination of the info also revealed an unlikely detail, depicting no drop or reduction in enforcement spending despite the economic downturn during the fiscal year of 2008, nor afterward in 2009 (DHS, 2012). Although the funding for enforcement continues to steadily increase, the immigration system remains largely cost-ineffective.In an expression published by the Immigration Policy Center, estimates calculated by the National Immigration Forum stated that costs to detain a single person under the ICE agency amount to $166 per day, and also require over basketball team million dollars in daily operating costs to detain 33,400 people in more than 250 facilities (immigrationpolicy.org, 2012). The article also reported that, In 2009 and 2010, over half of detainees did not have criminal records, and that Traffic offenses bankers bill for nearly 20 percent of those who did, (immigrationpolicy.org, 2012). The statistics listed in the article suggest a clear pattern of inefficiency that takes come at a micro level on a day-to-day basis. Although it is hardly sufficient to utilize these material bodys as the fundamental basis against the use of heavy enforcement in immigration, an examination of the fiscal issues and its greater impacts at the macro level represent many more problems. Given that the increased spending on enforcement programs aim to essentially reduce the overall unauthorized immigrant population in the United States and prevent further illegal entry into the country, statistics provided by research studies suggest that the coveted outcomes do no match the substantial results.When looking at the Department of Homeland Securitys annual population estimates for the unauthorized immigrant the number was reported to be 11,510,000 for the year 2011 which grew in comparison to the 10,790,000 estimated for 2010 (dhs.gov, 2012). Though there are immediate concerns given the data limitations which distort the overall accuracy of the estimates made by the DHS, the unauthorized immigrant population living in the United States has thus far grown significantly from the 8.5 million as detailed by the department back in the year 2000 and into the double digits during the new decade (dhs.gov, 2012). Those who strongly support the strategy of strict enforcement, such as Jessica M. Vaughan of Immigration Daily, expected quite the opposite of what the current statistics have measured. In her article, Vaughan anticipates that through strict enforcement tactics such as attrition, immigration enforcement should thengreatly improve to being both faster and cheaper, (ci s.org, 2012).Also, she offers a prediction that the strategy could, reduce the illegal population from its current 11.5 million to 5.6 million in a period of five years, a 51 percent reduction, (cis.org, 2012). Considering the scope of these outcomes and the results of the actual data producing statistics not even remotely close indicate that the current enforcement programs are ineffective, but continue to survive budget growth. Still, in the simple context of theoretical presumptions, heightened security measures and the overall approach of adopting strict immigration laws should ideally yield the capacity to generate a mass reduction in the unauthorized immigrant population over time, and provide greater collective protection against the most dangerous criminals and/or terrorists that are considered threats to the United States. However, another alarming statistic mentioned by immigrant attorney Tara Magner from an analysis done by Syracuse University research proves the indebte dness of these assumptions at which, It found that less than 0.01% of arrests of noncitizens by Homeland Security agents were terrorist related, (Magner, 3). With the steady growth of enforcement budgets continuing at the forefront of US immigration policy, one can conclude that the current system is in horrendous need of more cost-efficient and highly beneficial reforms.Another key aspect at which the current US immigration system affects is the national economy. For example, author Raul Hinojosa-Ojeda uses a general equilibrium model in his research to help calculate and project the economic outcomes of election immigration reforms (Hinojosa-Ojeda, 177). Under his first alternative scenario, which calls for the creation of, a pathway to legal status for unauthorized immigrants in the United States and establishes flexible limits on permanent and temporary immigration, his research estimates a yearly increase in the nations utter(a) Domestic Product by .84 percent, or $1.5 trill ion dollars over a full decade (177). This alternative alone holds more positive benefits for an already struggling economy by primarily improving proceeds and productivity but also by increasing small-business formation, home ownership, and greater household investment in education (187).In a second setting, Hinojosa-Ojeda analyzes the effects of a temporary worker program and concludes that the U.S. gross domestic product would increaseannually by a slightly less .44 percent, totaling an additional $792 billion over a 10-year span (177). While comparatively not the optimal scenario between the two, establishing a temporary worker program remains on the table when constructing a partisan bill in Congress. Also, an extreme third excerption proposing mass deportation is for the most part an unrealistic policy approach and widely unpopular on both sides of the issue but nevertheless, serves as an extreme or boundary case against which we can adjudicate the other two scenarios, as a rticulated by the author. (188) When closely examining the first scenario and its greater effects, however, the comprehensive reforms also add close to $1.2 trillion dollars in consumption and more than $250 billion in investment, while also generating additional tax revenues of $4.5 to $5.4 billion dollars, numbers that can sustain new jobs at a carry between 750,000 to 900,000 (189). It is then made clear that the benefits of comprehensive reforms exceed those brought forth by a temporary workers program or a mass deportation and is thus the most favorable option, despite any difficulties it may have in becoming a bipartisan political acquisition that successfully reaches a vote in Congress.

Comparing Financial Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Comparing Financial Systems - Essay ExampleEconomic globalization is the utopia towards which the origination is moving. Yet, it is deemed to be practically impossible due to the different financial outlines that exist in different countries. fleck some countries have a severely competitive commercialise, others have a bound found stinting system. Bank based system poses to secure and mobilize savings, allocating capital, overseeing the inductment decisions of corporate managers and also providing risk oversight vehicles.1 Whereas, the market system is more competitive in a dual way. Different companies in the market are competing with each other and also the companies compete with the asserts, which are still considered to be the conventional humor of getting savings earned by people. Yet, in the countries like U.K and U.S.A, people do risk to invest in the share markets and other companies which often help them earn more money than commit interest. more analysts across the man have suggested that the market based financial system is more lucrative than the bank based system, barely the risk factor involved is also very high as compared to the bank based system, which has minimal risk factor. Now a study on the different financial systems of the world is bound to raise crucial questions which will be chronologically answered in the report. Chapter 1 Broad categorization of the Financial Systems Bank Versus Market The schooling of either country is based on the reforms introduced and to introduce any reform, a stable financial system is very necessary. Structural reforms are mostly based on the financial system of a country. Most developing nations which have a centralized economy overleap a full fledged financial system which is a big disadvantage for them. Financial system has a vast positive impact of financial development on economic growth and development 2. The financial structure among countries can be either bank based or market base d or underdeveloped. The underdeveloped economies have both underdeveloped banks and market values. But flourishing financial systems can fall into either bank based financial system or market based one. It is popularly assumed that bank based financial systems are less flourishing compared to the market based ones but Japan stands as the biggest flourishing example of bank based financial system. Countries with a stronger economy and financial strength have better developed financial systems. The countries which have a higher(prenominal) income always endure to get inclined towards the market based financial system because in these countries the stock market has higher efficiency and are relatively more active compared to the banks. The countries which have low corruption and protect stockholders rights are more inclined to the banks as they are looking for security more than earning 3. The bank based concentrates on the different roles of the banks such as getting information ab out the firm, the board of directors and difficult their best to improve the allocation of funds as well as corporate governance. It also

Statistics and Legalization of Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Statistics and Legalization of Abortion - Essay ExampleIn very aboveboard words, stillbirth is the final consequence of a womans decision of terminating her pregnancy. However, the reasons responsible for this decision vary immensely with individuals and the dowery they are up against.In medical terms there are two types of abortion unrivalled is miscarriage, also called spontaneous abortion which mostly occurs in early pregnancy say imputable to environmental factors, the age and the health of the pregnant women. This risk of miscarriage is high among women over the age of 35 or among those who have a history of several spontaneous or induce abortion.The second type of abortion is induced abortion, and has become synonymous to the word abortion today. This form of abortion can be ascribable to many reasons and is therefore surrounded by an intense social and moral debate.The practice of induced abortion can be traced back in to history where certain sharp tools were used for this procedure, also with the care of certain herbs and by applying abdominal pressure. However, in ancient Greece women wishing to terminate their pregnancy were advised to deal in exercise, carrying heavy objects and riding animals instead of using sharp tools for the procedure.One of the reasons for abortion is druthers for a particular invoke for the child and is more common in Asian countries which have a purification preference of son. Due to medical advances, it is very convenient today to determine the sex of the child before birth through ultrasound, which has led to the occurrence of sex selected abortion in many cases. For example in India and Pakistan a son is seen as a bread earner in the family and high dowry expenses are tied with the existence of a daughter, there the rate of sex targeted abortion is very high as most families already facing financial difficulties prefer sons than daughters. In India alone researchers have asserted that in the midst of 1985 an d 2005 as many as 10 million female fetuses may have been selectively aborted (Reaney, Patricia. 2006).another(prenominal) reason for sex selective abortion evident in china is due to its historic preference of sons and its one child policy, which has been implemented due to population concerns in this country. This lead to an increase in sex selective abortions and an imbalance in the ratio of male versus female population became evident, in response to which china put a ban on this type of abortion in 2002. Due to the ban on abortion in many countries, as will be discussed in detail later, and also due to lack of access to safe abortion especially in the rural areas women have turned to serious methods of terminating their pregnancies. black alley abortions is a term uses for such types of abortions which lack hygiene and proper medical skills to commit such a procedure and can even result in death of the woman. According to the estimates of The knowledge domain Health Organiz ation (WHO) as much as 19 million severe abortions are carried issue around the world each year. And 68,000 among these result in the death of the women. A 2007 study published in The Lancet found that, although the global rate of abortion declined from 45.6 million in 1995 to 41.6 million in 2003, unsafe procedures still accounted for 48% of all abortions performed in 2003. (Sedgh et al. 2007)Legalization of Abortion There is no universal rightfulness which applies the legalization or ban of abortion. Currently the laws relating to this sensitive issue vary from country to country depending on the religious, moral and